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Three excellent varieties of pears. Use and economic importance

Pear trees are bright representatives of the Rosaceae family; they are grown mainly in the southern regions, but frost-resistant varieties obtained as a result of successful selection are quite suitable for the middle zone, and some even for the northern regions. As in the case of apple trees, to grow this crop you need pollinators or you will have to graft the trees with a different variety.

Pear is less common among amateur gardeners. Both frost resistance and drought resistance significantly influence its distribution area, but in almost every garden there are at least three or four trees of different ripening periods and this is quite enough to provide your family with fruits in the summer-autumn period. It is more difficult with varieties suitable for long-term storage. They are very expensive on the market in winter and early spring. Storing even the best varieties of pears at home is problematic. The conditions of a simple home basement or cellar for storing fruits are not acceptable; there are no low temperatures and humidity. Deviation from the norms and regime required for storage causes the crop to rot or dry out.

This page contains photos, names and descriptions of pear varieties suitable for growing in the middle zone.

The best varieties of pears and their features

Clapp's Favorite (Clapp's Favorite). The name of this pear variety is given by the name of the American breeder T. Clapp; he bred this crop from the Belgian variety Forest Beauty. It has been zoned for over 40 years. An unsurpassed summer variety. A medium-sized tree with a wide pyramidal crown, quite drought- and frost-resistant. The main feature of this tasty pear variety is its rapid recovery even with severe frosting.

The fruits are large (150-200 g), broadly pear-shaped, yellow when ripe with a bright red blush. The pulp of the fruit is white, juicy, oily, dessert-like, and has a very good taste. Depending on weather conditions, the taste may change for the better or, conversely, for the worse. The fruits ripen from August 5 to August 15. If the fruits are picked 5-6 days before full ripening, they can be stored for up to 2 weeks. And in a gas environment in an industrial refrigerator, the shelf life of this variety is at least 3-4 months.

Clapp's favorite on a vigorous rootstock (wild pear or Caucasian pear) begins to bear fruit in the 7-8th year, and on a quince rootstock, but with an intermediate insert of a well-compatible variety - in the 3rd-4th year. When describing this pear variety, it is worth noting its high and regular yield. Clapp's Favorite has a red clone, bred into its own variety - Starkrimson. Starkrimson is a beautiful variety, but has mediocre taste and does not last long.

Thanks to the painstaking work of Stavropol scientists, new zoned varieties Kavkaz, Mashuk, Podkumok, etc. were obtained from seedlings of two well-known varieties Lyubimitsa Klappa and Lesnaya Krasavitsa.

Caucasus. The tree is vigorous, with a reverse pyramidal crown, branches extending at right angles from the trunk. It produces crops on annual growths, i.e. it is very early-bearing. The fruits are attractive both in appearance and taste, one-dimensional, greenish-golden, with a blurred red blush. The fruit can be very large (160-250 g). Harvesting dates are August 15-20, the fruits are transportable.

The variety is resistant to scab and other fungal diseases, responsive to high agricultural technology, i.e., watering and fertilizers.

Mashuk. The tree is medium-sized, with a dense, rounded crown; the branches extend from the trunk at right angles, which indicates the high precocity of the variety. The variety is very high-yielding.

As can be seen in the photo, the fruits of this pear variety are one-dimensional, pear-shaped, green when ripe, and greenish-yellow when ripe with a blurred red color:

Fruit weight - 150-200 g. The fruit pulp is creamy, tender, oily, juicy, sweet and sour with a nutmeg aroma. Removable maturity - August 20-30. Fruit shelf life is 30-45 days.

The Mashuk variety requires crop normalization. Responsive to, well compatible with quince.

Podkumok- amateur variety, large-fruited (300 g), vigorous. The color is greenish with a red tan. This is one of the most delicious varieties of pears with creamy, tender, juicy and sweet flesh. The fruits are poorly transportable. This is the only drawback, but Podkumok is winter-hardy and resistant to.

Talgar beauty. This variety was bred at the Kazakh Institute of Fruit Growing from free pollination of the Forest Beauty variety. This pear variety, suitable for the middle zone, is immune (resistant) to scab. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is wide-pyramidal, densely leafy, and begins to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year. A very winter-hardy, high-yielding variety.

The fruits weigh up to 160 g, are elongated pear-shaped, light yellow in color with a blurred red blush. The fruit pulp is dense, whitish-creamy, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour. The fruits are intensely colored at the top of the tree. They stay on trees for a long time. Harvesting maturity occurs very early; from August 15 to the end of September, the fruits ripen gradually. If they are collected in mid-September, they are stored for a month and a half.

The variety thickens greatly and is responsive to high agricultural practices, watering, pruning, etc.

These photos show varieties of pears, the descriptions of which are given above:

Kieffer- a late variety with very contradictory characteristics. It is considered to be insufficiently winter-hardy, with mediocre taste and a specific taste of the fruit, which casts doubt on the appropriateness of this variety. However, it is distinguished by early fruiting (it begins to bear fruit in the 4th year on a vigorous rootstock: wild forest pear, and on quince - in the 2nd year after planting in the garden), vigorous growth and very abundant fruiting.

Pay attention to the photo - this variety of pears, grown in the middle zone, has very large fruits (up to 300 g), truncated shape, with a strong stalk, with a blush on the sunny side, the color of an unripe lemon:

The variety is late-autumn; in the absence of frost, harvesting is carried out in the first ten days of October. It is practically not affected by fungal diseases, and pests do not like it either.

The variety is responsive to regular pruning, then the fruits do not become smaller and become better in taste. Stores for 2-3 weeks. Not transportable when ripe: at the slightest awkward touch, the thin skin of the golden-colored fruit darkens to a dirty brown color. For this reason, it must be removed from the tree in several stages, starting from the upper skeletal branches. If stored well in a cold basement, the fruits can be consumed until mid-December.

Tatiana. The variety was bred by Rossoshansky ZPYAOS, Voronezh region. This is one of the best late-autumn pear varieties for the middle zone, very shelf-stable (the fruits are stored until February). The tree is fast growing, with a round, sparse crown. The bark on the trunk, unlike other already known pears, is smooth gray. Even the buds of this variety differ from the buds of other varieties: pressed, conical, sharp. The leaves are large, wide, short-pointed, smooth.

The fruits are large (150-280 g), pear-shaped, broadly ribbed. The funnel is small, blunt-conical, there is no rustiness. The color is golden yellow, with a blurred brownish-red blush. The fruit pulp is white, creamy, very tender, without granulation, oily, sweet and sour.

When describing this variety of pears for the middle zone, the following advantages should be noted:

very high winter hardiness;
disease resistance;
fruiting is regular;
productivity is high;
high presentation;
keeping quality of fruits.

Almost no shortcomings were identified.

Rossoshanskaya is beautiful. In 2001, the State Commission for Variety Testing introduced a new pear variety into zoning - beautiful Rossoshanskaya. Tonkovetkah x Klapp's Favorite - excellent parents for the new beauty. From them she inherited the best qualities.

This variety has an early ripening period (July 19-20), which is almost 2 weeks earlier than the main parent - Clapp's Favorite (control).

As you can see in the photo, the fruit of this one of the best varieties of pears is medium-sized, one-dimensional, brightly colored:

The taste is great. In terms of keeping quality, Rossoshanskaya beautiful is also superior to Clapp’s Favorite (by a month) and can not overripe for a long time while on the tree.

The crown of the tree is wide-pyramidal, densely leafy, tall.

Variety Rossoshanskaya beautiful very resistant to adverse weather conditions: drought- and winter-hardy, tolerant of scab and other fungal diseases.

Each of these varieties has its own pros and cons, which is why some keen gardeners grow them in their gardens. In any case, for many excellent zoned varieties they serve as excellent pollinators, and they themselves often produce wonderful harvests.

Here you can see photos of pear varieties whose names are given on this page:

Pollinators for main pear varieties

In old gardens, where the Ilyinka variety is still present in the plantings, the question of additional pollinators for summer pear varieties is not raised. However, for new regionalized and many amateur varieties, there should be at least 2-3 trees of different varieties, but flowering at the same time for better pollination. Or you need to have several vaccinations of a different variety.

Table “Pollinating varieties of pears”:

As for grafting, there is a rule according to which varieties of the same ripening period are grafted onto a summer pear variety, autumn ripening and early winter varieties are grafted onto an autumn variety, and early winter and winter varieties are grafted onto winter varieties. This is due to the biology of the fruit tree and the vigor of its growth, since a large influx or even rejection of the graft may form at the grafting site. There are frequent cases of death of overgrafted trees, which is explained by incompatibility.

To learn more about the best varieties of pears, watch this video:

Late summer variety bred at the Stavropol Horticulture Experimental Station. Obtained from crossing the Williams variety with Forest Beauty. The author of the variety is P.V. Kuznetsov. Zoned in the North Caucasus region.

The tree is small, the crown is wide-pyramidal, of medium density. The bark on the trunk is smooth, gray. The branches are arched, rounded, brown.

The shoots have a dark cherry color. The lentils are small, there are few of them, the buds are bent, medium-sized, conical, smooth. The leaves are medium or below average, ovate, short-pointed, dark green, smooth, matte. The leaf blade is concave, there is no pubescence, the leaf edge is finely serrated. The petiole is long, medium, glabrous. Stipules are small, elongated. The flowers are medium, white. The petals are round.

The fruits are very beautiful, one-dimensional, pear-shaped, tuberous, and regular in shape. The skin is medium thick, oily, greenish-yellow when ripe. The integumentary color occupies most of the fruit, blurred, red. Subcutaneous dots are medium-sized, green, clearly visible. The peduncle is medium, thick, curved, oblique. There is no funnel, the calyx is closed, the saucer is small, wide, and grooved. The heart is elliptical. The seed chambers are closed, the seeds are medium-sized, pitcher-shaped, light brown.

The pulp is creamy, tender, oily, very juicy, sweet, aromatic. Chemical composition of fruits: dry matter - 18.6%, sugars - 10.4%, titratable acids - 0.19%, ascorbic acid - 9.5 mg/100g.

The usual period for picking fruits is from August 20 to September 5. Storage duration is up to 20 days, in special storage facilities - 1.5 months. Marketability of fruits is high. The yield of first grade fruit is 90%.

Fruits picked 10 days before consumer ripeness (August 10-15) tolerate transportation well.

The variety needs pollinators. The best pollinators are the following varieties: Lyubimitsa Klappa, Williams, Bere Bosk, Krasnoshchekaya, Nalchikskaya Kostyka, Korsunskaya.

The trees begin to bear fruit in the 7th year. The productivity of the variety is high. Flowering and fruiting are regular. In the foothill zone of the Stavropol Territory, the fruit yield from 8-12 year old trees on the Caucasian forest pear rootstock was 153 c/ha. Winter hardiness is high. The variety is relatively resistant to diseases. During years of severe epiphytotics, the incidence of scab is 0.5-1 points.

Advantages of the variety: productivity, high marketability of fruits, suitability for consumption both fresh and for various types of processing.

Disadvantages of the variety: the fruits are significantly susceptible to damage by Monilia fruit.

Spreading

It is found in almost the entire forested part of the Caucasus up to Southern Armenia and Azerbaijan. In the Caucasus, it forms groves of significant area - pear trees, populating cleared areas of oak and hornbeam forests along river valleys. It rises into the mountains to 1000–1500 m absolute height. Forms stands with hazel, alder, ash, hawthorn and oak. Wind-resistant, salt- and drought-resistant, but not frost-resistant and not shade-tolerant.

Tree

A tall, low-blooming tree, well cleared of branches. The crown is pyramidal. Young branches are bare, covered with gray bark, prickly. The leaves are round or broadly ovate, sometimes almost rhombic; 3-4(5) cm long with a rounded base, blunt or pointed into a short point, entire, glabrous, semi-leathery, shiny above, dull below, hairy at the edges. The petioles are long, 2-3 times longer than the leaf blade. It blooms in April-May. Flowers in a shield. The stalk is 2–3 times longer than the fruit. The fruits are glabrous, round or flattened, and ripe grayish-black with a retaining calyx. It bears fruit from July to September; in October the fruits fall to the ground. The annual fruit harvest in the Caucasus is at least 116 thousand tons. The fruits are processed into marshmallows, bekmes, vinegar, and vodka; They are dried for compotes and consumed raw. The wild fruits of this pear are widely used in the Caucasus as a rootstock for cultivated varieties. The Caucasian pear is very diverse in terms of fruit shape and size, taste and a number of other characteristics.

Wood

The color of the wood is pink or red-brown, the sapwood is the same color as the mature wood. There are core repetitions in the form of darkly colored dots on the end and brownish dots on the radial section. The medullary rays and annual layers stand out when split in the radial direction in the form of narrow and short stripes of a darker color than the wood. Density at 15% humidity is 0.59 g/cm³, at 12% humidity - 0.58 g/cm³.

Drying

Dries well, does not warp or crack.

Strength

The wood is dense, hard, and has great compressive strength and impact toughness.

Durability

The wood is resistant to rotting.

Technological properties

Can be processed well with all types of cutting tools. Steamed wood has a reddish tint. Well varnished and polished.

Application

Due to its beautiful color and texture, it is widely used as a facing material for making furniture, plywood, and musical instruments. Used for making slide rules.

It would seem that the pear is a plant known to everyone, however, it also has features that not everyone knows about. This is not just a tree with tasty fruits, but also a beautiful ornamental plant that can decorate your garden or park.

So, pear (PYRUS) is a deciduous tree, usually tall or medium in size, sometimes a shrub.

The trunk of the tree is straight, up to 25 m tall. The bark is wrinkled, with cracks. The crown is often pyramidal, round, less often spreading. The leaves are alternate, usually of medium size. Naked and shiny on top.

Flowers form corymbose inflorescences with 3-20 flowers in them. White, sometimes pink flowers are located on short branches of branches several years old and consist of 5 petals. The fruits are round, obverse-conical. Belongs to the Rosaceae family.

The pear grows mainly in mountain forests. Loves lighted places, undemanding to soil, resistant to drought. Loves soils that are deep, loose, sandy loam, rich in humus. Doesn't like a lot of moisture. Adapts well to urban environments. grafting. Used as an ornamental plant in single plantings, the formation of groups, edges.

The most famous types of pear

Caucasian pear

Pyrus caucasica grows in the wooded part of the Caucasus to the south of Azerbaijan and Armenia. In nature, it forms groves along river valleys, in clearings of hornbeam and oak forests. Grows up to 26 m.

The root system has a well-defined main root, from which there are many branches, especially if the pear grows in a rocky area.

The plant is propagated by seeds and semi-lignified cuttings, which take root well. Sowing is done in spring or before winter. Before spring sowing, the seeds are stratified for 2 months at a temperature of +5 degrees. This species is well resistant to drought and does not require watering.

The tree is most beautiful during periods of flowering and fruiting. Its bark is gray, flaky, peeling off in large strips. The branches are dark brown or greenish-brown, spiny, covered with many white lenticels. The leaves are round, sometimes somewhat oblong. The leaves are shiny above, dull below. Petioles are 2 times longer than the plate.

The variety blooms at the end of April, sometimes at the beginning of May. White flowers are five-petaled, collected in corymbs of 5-8. The fruits are yellow, on long stalks, edible, fruit diameter up to 3 cm.

Caucasian pear usually serves as a rootstock for cultivated varieties.

Willow pear

Pyrus salicifolia Pall is distributed in the foothills of the North Caucasus, eastern Transcaucasia, and Central Asia. It can be found in arid open forests of the middle and lower mountain zones.

This tree is not tall, only 8-10 m. Its branches end in thorns. Young shoots have white felt pubescence. The crown is broadly ovoid. Young leaves are silvery in color, later becoming dark green on top, shiny, and whitish-fluffy below. White flowers, like other species, form corymbose inflorescences. The fruits are small, about 2 cm, on a short stalk.

The willow pear is not demanding on soil composition, is drought-resistant, and can even tolerate soil compaction and salinity. It is not recommended to plant in areas not protected from cold winds.

In the spring, dried, damaged, frozen branches are pruned.

The pear produces root shoots abundantly; it is also propagated by seeds, but cuttings have low rooting capacity.

This species is extremely decorative, attracting attention with elegant openwork foliage and early flowering. Trees are planted individually, in groups and in edge plantings, and used as hedges.

The willow pear has a weeping shape. Thin drooping branches look beautiful in spring with white flowers and silvery-white leaves that turn gray-green in autumn.

The small green fruits are inedible and hang on the branches from summer to winter.

Pear pear

Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall grows wild in the Crimea, the Caucasus, where it is found on rocky steep slopes, the edges of oak and beech forests, and in clearings.

The tree grows up to 10 m. It has a wide crown, prickly shoots, felt-pubescent.

Silvery leaves, which is why the species received this name. The length of the leaves is about 9 cm, the diameter of the flowers is 2.5 cm. Pink flowers look impressive against the background of silvery foliage. The fruits are small, 2 cm in diameter.

The tree grows in infertile rocky places, is resistant to drought, and light-loving. It usually does not need pruning; only dry, diseased, broken branches are removed, as well as shoots directed towards the trunk.

The variety has high resistance to cold. It is propagated by sowing seeds before winter or in spring. Decoratively as single plants, also in groups in combination with dark green deciduous or coniferous trees. Can serve as a rootstock for cultivated varieties.

Common pear

Pyrus communis L. grows in the forest-steppes of the European region of Russia, in the mountain forests of Southern and Central Europe, Central Asia, and Asia Minor. You can meet it more often in clearings, edges of deciduous and coniferous forests.

The tree grows up to 20 m. The branches are bare, young ones are prickly. The leaves are pubescent at first, then shiny and smooth. The petioles are long, the leaf is elliptical or rounded-ovate. The flowers appear before the leaves, they are white, 3 cm in diameter. The fruits are yellow, the stalk is thin.

The common pear grows slowly. It tolerates drought, frost, and wind well. Adapts perfectly to urban conditions. Young trees are easy to trim and form dense thickets.

This species is propagated by seeds. Well suited as a rootstock for cultivated varieties. The tree is a long-liver, its age can be more than 300 years.

The pear is most decorative during the flowering season, also in autumn attire, when the foliage turns bright purple-orange.

Ussuri pear

Distributed in nature in the Primorsky Territory, Amur Region, Khabarovsk Territory, Korea, and northeast China. Grows on forest edges, mountain slopes, and river valleys.

The Ussuri pear is a beautiful tree 15 m high. The trunk is straight, dark gray, and can even be almost black. The dense crown grows in all directions, forming a beautiful tent if the tree is sufficiently illuminated. The ovoid leaves are shiny, dark green, dense. In autumn they turn purple-red. The white flowers are quite large, 4 cm in diameter, emit a strong smell, grow in inflorescences of 5-10 pieces, and appear before the leaves. They are pollinated by pollen from a neighboring tree, so single-planted pears do not bear fruit. The pulp of the fruit is tart, the shape and color differ among different varieties.

This species is propagated by root suckers, layering, and seeds.

The pear looks very impressive against the backdrop of pines, spruces, and birches. It tolerates urban conditions calmly and reduces noise very effectively.

Just recently, gardeners were chasing the Caucasus pear variety. It has unique long plump pears with a beautiful red side. True, the description did not hide the fact that these pears taste slightly knitted and the variety is not resistant to diseases. However, these shortcomings did not spoil the taste of the fruit at all, and the pear bore fruit normally. The usual three or four preventive treatments were enough to ensure that the harvest went to the gardeners, and not to fungi and codling moths.

By marketability Caucasus, perhaps the best variety of pear. But then a variety appeared Talgar beauty, which also has long fruits with a beautiful blush. True, the taste is completely without an astringent effect. However, the variety tastes crunchy rather than melty, which is quite fashionable these days.

Talgarka's strengths are resistance to diseases and pests and unprecedented productivity, and the trees begin to bear fruit early, in the third or fourth year. Only the taste qualities are inferior to real European pears, and the variety also has low winter hardiness. Which is not surprising, since all the “Chinese” are afraid of frost.

Recently, the ancient variety Oslovyanskaya, which appeared on the markets, began to compete with new products. It was introduced back in 1939, but has regained popularity over the past five years.

The variety is notable for its large fruits, 180-240 g each, and the pears are classically bulb-shaped, yellow, with a red side.

The pulp is creamy, juicy, sweet, melting in your mouth. That is, a classic European pear. The variety has a medium ripening period, so the harvested crop can last for about a month in the refrigerator or a couple of weeks at room temperature. In general, you can enjoy the fruits until the end of November.

The variety is famous for its early fruiting and high annual yield. In addition, the variety is widespread in the southern regions due to its drought resistance, winter hardiness and resistance to scab. Today Oslovyanskaya is considered one of the best autumn pear varieties. Subscribe to our video channel on youtube